Who doesn't love tomato? Well, my dad. But besides him...
But one thing is loving tomato sauce, tomato salad, tomato in sandwich or other tomato based cuisine and another thing is to know much about its origins.
While it is generally accepted that Europeans brought tomato from Mexico, the species has its greatest diversity in the Andean region. This new study should help us to better understand the nuances of tomato origins:
José Blanca et al., Variation Revealed by SNP Genotyping and Morphology Provides Insight into the Origin of the Tomato. PLoS ONE, 2012. Open access ··> LINK [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048198]
AbstractTomato, Solanum lycopersicum, is divided into two widely distributed varieties: the cultivated S. lycopersicum var. lycopersicum, and the weedy S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme. Solanum pimpinellifolium is the most closely related wild species of tomato.The roles of S. pimpinellifolium and S. l. cerasiforme during the domestication of tomato are still under debate. Some authors consider S. l. cerasiforme to be the ancestor, whereas others think that S. l. cerasiforme is an admixture of S. pimpinellifolium and the cultivated S. l. lycopersicum. It is also not clear whether the domestication occurred in the Andean region or in Mesoamerica. We characterized 272 accessions (63 S. pimpinellifolium, 106 S. l. cerasiforme, 95 S. l. lycopersicum and 8 derived from hybridization processes) were morphologically and genetically using the SolCap platform (7,414 SNPs). The two species were distinguished in a PCA analysis and displayed a rich geographic structure. Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme and S. l. lycopersicum were also differentiated in the PCA and Structure analyses, which supports maintaining them as different varieties. Solanum pimpinellifolium and the Andean S. l. cerasiforme were more diverse than the non-Andean S. lycopersicum. Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme was morphologically and molecularly intermediate between S. pimpinellifolium and tomato. Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, with the exception of several Ecuadorian and Mexican accessions, is composed of the products of admixture processes according to the Structure analysis. The non-admixtured S. l. cerasiforme might be similar to the ancestral cultivars from which the cultivated tomato originated, and presents remarkable morphological diversity, including fruits of up to 6 cm in diameter. The data obtained would fit a model in which a pre-domestication took place in the Andean region, with the domestication being completed in Mesoamerica. Subsequently, the Spaniards took plants from Mesoamerica to Spain and from there they were exported to the rest of the world.
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| Fig. 2A (with legend from fig. 1) - PCA analysis of the S. lycopersicum samples |
Thanks for posting this. Very interesting.
ReplyDeleteIt is very interesting. Agriculture appeared in several different places independently. I wish we knew more about how native peoples in the Americas domesticated potatoes, tomatoes, maize, peppers, chocolate, etc. The advent of agriculture is a big part of the human story. Thanks for the post.
ReplyDeleteIf you are strongly interested in the fine details, specially in the Andean region, I strongly recommend to read the paper in full. This is just a quick note admittedly. There are no big new discoveries to emphasize but the details are quite curious.
ReplyDeleteI'd say that it looks like a good example of the Andean-Mesoamerican interactions in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic, whose full detail (and limits) we are only now beginning to grasp.